A study with a nationally representative sample of U.S. Other contributors to this treatment gap include underdetection by providers ( 10), unreliable medical systems ( 11), and treatment settings perceived as punitive and inaccessible ( 12– 14).įrequency of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, which are often associated with depression, is increasing among African American youths. These inequities are increasingly linked to social, economic, and environmental determinants such as low income, underresourced educational opportunities, inadequate housing, and lack of access to quality mental health treatment ( 6– 9). In sum, the burden of depression appears to be higher among African Americans compared with White Americans ( 2).Īfrican American adults are less likely to receive depression treatment than are their White counterparts ( 4, 5). For example, African American adults with depression rate their symptoms as more severe, have a longer course of illness, and experience greater disability ( 2, 3). In light of the profoundly different experiences of African Americans who experience depression (i.e., a more persistent course of illness and greater disability), it is critical to examine whether an emerging explanation for some of these differences is the intergenerational transmission of this disorder due to structural racism.ĭepression among individuals who have been racially and ethnically minoritized in the United States can be vastly different from that seen in White Americans ( 1). The authors propose that understanding risk factors for depression, particularly its intergenerational reach, requires accounting for structural racism. The purpose of this review was to conceptualize how structural racism and cumulative trauma can be fundamental drivers of the intergenerational transmission of depression. For example, African American adults who have depression rate their symptoms as more severe, have a longer course of illness, and experience more depression-associated disability. A 1972 memorandum by the Central Intelligence Agency reported that whilst the Ugandan South Asians made up less than one percent of the East African nations (Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania), they were thought to control around 80 percent of private trade (although exact estimates were unclear).Depression among individuals who have been racially and ethnically minoritized in the United States can be vastly different from that of non-Hispanic White Americans. Divisions over wealth and class were taking hold, a system in which Africans were being exploited. Slowly, the economic success of the South Asian community and their lack of integration with the indigenous community of Uganda started becoming a source of tension. However, a social hierarchy formed over time at the top were White British, then South Asians, then Africans. Many became successful business owners, skilled labourers, and professionals they became the middle-class. Slowly, the South Asian community built a free life for themselves in Uganda. In 1917, after many years of abusive labour, the British government abolished the system of indentured labour. Essentially it was disguised slavery in which Indians were used to replace the freed African slaves working on sugar and coffee plantations. The system of indentured labour was formed after the abolition of slavery.
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